Local Allergic Rhinitis: A Different Rhinitis Endotype? Literature Overview

Chronic rhinitis (CR) is commonly divided into allergic (AR) and nonallergic (NAR). AR triggered by the immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated response to allergens, whereas NAR characterized absence of sensitization. Previous studies have demonstrated presence local IgE in nasal mucosa patients suffering from typical symptoms but without a history atopy positive allergen challenge (NAC). This condition was recently defined as (LAR), which supposed be different CR type 2 (T2) inflammation with release T2 mediators. LAR phenotype localized that negative skin prick testing allergens serum-specific IgE. Diagnosis based on NAC. review an update literature, focusing definition independent endotype. LAR, AR, are same clinical symptoms, although there some differences between these three subtypes. However, literature data not yet univocal defining